Coated-rind cow’s milk
(brie, camembert)
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light to medium reds but BEWARE: strong/overripe (brie/camembert, some chevres) because moldy (ammoniac) rind flavor competes (and wins) against wine
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Triple-creams (Cambozola)
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Sparkling wines; light to medium reds (Gamay, Pinot Noir); Pinot Blanc, Chardonnay, Riesling (Kabinett, Spatlese)
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Wash-rind cow’s milk
(Epoisses, Livarots, Munsters)
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Medium-bodied to sweeter expressions of whites: Rieslings, Muscats, Viogniers, Tokays, Gewürztraminers); some reds (Amarones, nebbiolos, grenache blends)
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Firmer pressed cow’s milk
(Tomme de Savoie, Caerphilly)
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Dutch hard cheeses (Gouda)
Beers, red wines (esp. Amarone)
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Super-pungent cheese
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Basically if a cheese is incredibly pungent ? you just have to let it win; that’s what beer is for ? just have something carbonated (beer/bubbly) and chill. Let the cheese have its way.
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Blues
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Sweet (first): Ports, Madeiras, Sauternes, Sherry (Moscatel, Ximenez)
Red (alternate): Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Gamay
White (last resort): fat California Chardonnay
Note: Be very careful here. It is hard to match anything but the right type of sweet wine with blue cheese. For example, German Riesling is sweet, but is often very incompatible with blues. I say this as a friend.
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Sheep’s milk
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Light to full-bodied reds > crisp whites (can be tricky), sweet whites
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Goat’s milk
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It depends on what type of goat’s milk cheese and there are more exceptions than rules (so read this), but in general: light-bodied white wines (Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc, and lighter Chardonnays), some reds are possible (but difficult to match)
St. Marcellin (young and tart goat’s milk cheese)
Crisp, acidic wine (Sancerre, some sauvignons blanc)
St. Marcellin (old, not tart; more buttery/fatty)
Fruity, buttery whites or slightly tannic reds
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